Key Learning Content: Assisting Deck Officers in Preparing Navigational Passages and Voyage Planning

Task: Assist the Deck Officer in preparing navigational passages and voyage planning, ensuring safe, efficient, and compliant passage planning according to international regulations.

1. Introduction to Voyage Planning

Voyage planning is a systematic process of determining a vessel’s safe and efficient route from departure to destination. It follows the four-stage process recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 34.

Importance of Voyage Planning:

✅ Ensures safe navigation and compliance with international regulations.
✅ Reduces navigational risks, including grounding, collision, and heavy weather.
✅ Optimizes fuel efficiency and voyage time.
✅ Facilitates effective decision-making in emergencies.
✅ Ensures compliance with TSS, restricted areas, and environmental zones (ECA, PSSA, MARPOL zones).

This training scenario is designed to test a Deck Cadet’s ability to assist in passage planning and real-time navigation execution, including appraisal, planning, execution, and monitoring.

Scenario Overview

Situation:

Your vessel, a 190m container ship, is preparing for a voyage from Port of Singapore (SG) to Port of Colombo (Sri Lanka). You, as a Deck Cadet, are assisting the Officer of the Watch (OOW) in preparing the passage plan, setting up ECDIS, verifying weather conditions, and monitoring the vessel’s track.

Key Factors to Consider:

• Weather Forecast: Heavy squalls expected in the Bay of Bengal.

• Routeing Constraints: The passage crosses the Malacca Strait TSS, one of the busiest in the world.

• Tidal Effects: High tide in Singapore during departure; strong currents in the Malacca Strait.

• Under-Keel Clearance (UKC): 10m required in shallow areas.

• Port Arrival: Pilot boarding at Colombo; VHF reporting required.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet:

1. Gather navigational data and prepare a passage plan.

2. Verify TSS requirements and COLREGs compliance for traffic areas.

3. Set up waypoints, safe-speed zones, and alternate routes in ECDIS.

4. Assist in departure execution, ensuring safe navigation out of port.

5. Monitor vessel’s track and make necessary course adjustments en route.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Appraisal – Gathering Necessary Information

🟢 Action 1: Retrieve and review the following navigational resources:

• Nautical charts (paper & ECDIS) covering Singapore–Colombo route.

• Admiralty Sailing Directions (NP44 – Malacca Strait & Indian Ocean Pilot).

• Notices to Mariners (NTMs) for route updates.

• Weather forecasts for Bay of Bengal squalls.

• Ship’s Routeing Information for Malacca Strait TSS.

🟢 Action 2: Identify potential navigational hazards:

• Heavy traffic congestion in Malacca Strait.

• Strong tidal currents near One Fathom Bank (Malaysia).

• Restricted waters near Sumatra and Nicobar Islands.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly retrieves and interprets navigational resources.

• Cadet identifies major hazards along the passage.

Phase 2: Planning – Preparing the Passage Plan

🟢 Action 3: Plot the route from Singapore to Colombo using:

• Primary waypoints at key navigation points (TSS crossings, deep-water routes).

• Alternative/emergency routes in case of bad weather.

• TSS compliance markings for the Malacca Strait.

🟢 Action 4: Calculate Under-Keel Clearance (UKC) for shallow areas:

• Check charted depth against vessel draft (14m) + squat effect.

• Ensure UKC is never below 10m in the Malacca Strait.

🟢 Action 5: Verify weather impact on route:

• Adjust route and waypoints to avoid squalls in Bay of Bengal.

• Set up an alternative route with greater sea room if needed.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully plots a complete passage plan.

• Cadet ensures waypoints comply with COLREGs and TSS rules.

• Cadet identifies shallow-water risks and makes UKC calculations.

Phase 3: Execution – Departure and Initial Navigation

🟢 Action 6: Assist in setting up the passage plan in ECDIS.
🟢 Action 7: Verify and cross-check:

• Waypoints are correctly entered.

• Safety contour and depth alarms are set correctly.

• Radar overlay is functional.

🟢 Action 8: During departure from Singapore:

• Monitor traffic density in the TSS.

• Report via VHF to Singapore VTS upon exit.

• Ensure vessel follows pilotage and speed restrictions.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly sets up and verifies passage plan in ECDIS.

• Cadet assists in safe departure from port, ensuring compliance with reporting procedures.

Phase 4: Monitoring – Safe Navigation to Colombo

🟢 Action 9: Regularly check vessel’s position using:

• Visual bearings

• GPS fixes

• Radar overlays

🟢 Action 10: Monitor traffic and compliance with COLREGs:

• Adjust course in Malacca Strait TSS crossings.

• Maintain VHF watch for traffic warnings.

🟢 Action 11: Update passage plan for:

• Bad weather avoidance.

• Current drift corrections.

• Unexpected traffic congestion.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully tracks vessel position using multiple methods.

• Cadet monitors and adjusts route for safety and efficiency.

This advanced training scenario is designed to test a Deck Cadet’s ability to assist in real-time emergency deviations, rerouting decisions, and heavy weather navigation while ensuring safe passage planning and execution.

Scenario Overview

Situation:

Your vessel, a 225m container ship, is en route from Port of Singapore to Port of Colombo. The ship is currently in the Bay of Bengal, following the pre-planned passage through deep-water routes. However, you receive a weather update indicating a developing tropical cyclone (Cyclone Varuna) within the expected path.

At the same time:

• A vessel has reported engine failure in your routeing area, creating a collision hazard.

• A distress signal (MAYDAY) is received from a fishing boat caught in rough seas.

• Tidal currents are increasing, causing significant drift off course.

As the Deck Cadet, you must assist the Officer of the Watch (OOW) in analyzing these factors and making emergency route adjustments while maintaining safety, compliance, and efficiency.

Scenario Details

Voyage Conditions:

• Vessel Type: Container Ship (LOA: 225m, Draft: 14m)

• Current Position: 07°30.0'N, 085°45.0'E (Bay of Bengal, 300NM from Sri Lanka)

• Speed: 16 knots

• Weather Update:

  • Wind: SW 35 knots, increasing to 50 knots

  • Wave Height: 4m, increasing to 6m

  • Visibility: Moderate, reducing due to rain squalls

• Traffic:

  • Disabled vessel (drifting) at 07°28.5'N, 085°50.5'E (3NM from your track).

  • MAYDAY call from a fishing boat at 07°25.0'N, 086°00.0'E (10NM ahead).

• Tidal Current:

  • 3-knot eastward current affecting vessel track.

Objectives for the Cadet

1. Analyze the passage plan and recommend an emergency deviation.

2. Assist in heavy weather navigation by modifying course and speed.

3. Assess collision risk and provide maneuvering suggestions to avoid the disabled vessel.

4. Determine the safest option for assisting the MAYDAY call while avoiding the cyclone’s path.

5. Monitor real-time navigation and log deviations for compliance.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Emergency Deviation – Rerouting to Avoid the Storm

🟢 Action 1: Retrieve the latest weather reports and tropical cyclone advisory.
🟢 Action 2: Identify the cyclone's projected path and worst-affected sea area.
🟢 Action 3: Assess alternative routes:

• Northward deviation (adding 50NM) to avoid high waves.

• Southward deviation (closer to Sri Lanka) but increasing traffic risk.

• Reduce speed to allow cyclone to move ahead, minimizing impact.

🟢 Action 4: Advise the OOW on the safest storm avoidance strategy.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully retrieves and interprets weather updates.

• Cadet provides a clear risk analysis and deviation suggestion.

Phase 2: Heavy Weather Navigation – Adjusting Speed and Course

🟢 Action 5: Assist in adjusting the passage plan:

• Turn 20° to port to increase sea room from the cyclone.

• Reduce speed from 16 knots to 12 knots to avoid excessive rolling.

• Adjust ballast for better stability in rough seas.

🟢 Action 6: Verify the vessel’s motion response:

• Check roll and pitch tendencies in rough seas.

• Monitor wind direction to maintain a stable heading.

• Ensure bridge team is prepared for worsening visibility.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly recommends speed and course adjustments for heavy weather.

• Cadet demonstrates awareness of ship handling principles in rough seas.

Phase 3: Avoiding the Drifting Vessel

🟢 Action 7: Identify the drifting vessel’s position relative to your track.
🟢 Action 8: Apply COLREGs Rule 19 (Restricted Visibility) for safe passing distance.
🟢 Action 9: Recommend one of the following actions:

• Alter course 10° to starboard to pass at a safe distance.

• Reduce speed to increase CPA (Closest Point of Approach).

• Establish VHF contact with the drifting vessel for status update.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly analyzes collision risk and proposes a safe passing strategy.

• Cadet follows COLREGs for safe maneuvering near a disabled vessel.

Phase 4: Responding to the MAYDAY Distress Call

🟢 Action 10: Retrieve the fishing boat’s distress coordinates and confirm location.
🟢 Action 11: Assess the following options:

• Divert course toward the distress location (delaying ETA by 4 hours).

• Relay MAYDAY message to Colombo MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Center).

• Advise VHF communication and attempt to assist remotely.

🟢 Action 12: Consult the Master and OOW for the final decision.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly retrieves and verifies distress call information.

• Cadet proposes practical and regulatory-compliant response actions.

Phase 5: Monitoring and Logging Emergency Deviations

🟢 Action 13: Update vessel’s track on ECDIS and paper charts with the new route.
🟢 Action 14: Log the following:

• Weather deviation and justification.

• Traffic maneuvering actions taken.

• Details of the MAYDAY distress response.

• VHF communications with authorities and nearby vessels.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet properly updates passage plans with emergency deviations.

• Cadet maintains accurate logs for compliance and future reference.

This training scenario is designed to test a Deck Cadet’s ability to assist in real-time navigation in extreme Arctic conditions and emergency decision-making in a narrow canal transit. Both situations require situational awareness, rapid response, and compliance with navigation regulations.

Scenario 1: Extreme Arctic Navigation – Ice Passage through the Northern Sea Route

Situation:

Your vessel, an Ice-Class LNG Carrier (LOA: 290m, Draft: 12m), is navigating through the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in the Arctic Ocean, heading from Murmansk, Russia, to Yokohama, Japan.

At 0200 LT, an urgent ice forecast report is received, indicating:

• Unexpected thick ice (3m) forming in the Kara Sea, blocking the planned passage.

• A nearby iceberg detected by radar at 74°15.0'N, 095°50.0'E, drifting into your route.

• Engine room reports reduced power output due to extreme cold (-28°C).

• Visibility is reduced to 0.5 NM due to snow squalls.

Your task as the Deck Cadet is to assist the Officer of the Watch (OOW) in analyzing these challenges and proposing a safe course adjustment while maintaining efficient transit and complying with Arctic regulations.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assess ice navigation hazards and determine an alternate safe route.

2. Assist in maneuvering the vessel to avoid icebergs and ridges.

3. Coordinate with icebreaker escort services and Arctic VTS.

4. Ensure compliance with the Polar Code and NSR routeing regulations.

5. Monitor vessel stability and engine performance under extreme conditions.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Ice Navigation Hazard Assessment

🟢 Action 1: Retrieve the latest Arctic ice charts and NSR Ice Report.
🟢 Action 2: Identify and assess ice concentration levels along the route.
🟢 Action 3: Plot an alternative passage using ECDIS and ice forecast overlays.
🟢 Action 4: Determine a safe ice-free lane using radar and satellite ice imagery.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully retrieves and interprets ice navigation data.

• Cadet identifies a safer route around ice hazards.

Phase 2: Maneuvering for Iceberg Avoidance

🟢 Action 5: Identify iceberg drift patterns and approach speed.
🟢 Action 6: Recommend one of the following maneuvers:

• Reduce speed to minimize ice impact on the hull.

• Alter course 15° to port/starboard for safe passing distance.

• Use thrusters to maintain slow-speed maneuverability.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly assesses iceberg drift movement and recommends a safe course adjustment.

• Cadet demonstrates understanding of icebreaker-assisted passage.

Phase 3: Emergency Response to Engine Power Loss in Extreme Cold

🟢 Action 7: Assist in identifying engine power reduction causes:

• Fuel thickening due to extreme cold.

• Reduced lubrication efficiency.

• Ice accumulation affecting rudder movement.

🟢 Action 8: Assist in emergency procedures:

• Reduce speed to prevent ice pressure buildup on the hull.

• Monitor engine cooling systems for potential freezing.

• Increase ballast to improve stability in rough ice conditions.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly assists in emergency power-loss management.

• Cadet provides effective ship handling recommendations in extreme cold.

Phase 4: Arctic Communication & Regulation Compliance

🟢 Action 9: Contact the nearest icebreaker escort (via VHF/INMARSAT).
🟢 Action 10: Report deviation to Arctic Vessel Traffic Service (VTS).
🟢 Action 11: Ensure compliance with:

• Polar Code safety limits.

• Northern Sea Route transit restrictions.

• Emergency ice navigation procedures.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully communicates with icebreaker & VTS.

• Cadet ensures compliance with Arctic navigation regulations.

Scenario 2: Emergency Canal Transit – Navigating the Suez Canal Under Engine Failure

Situation:

Your vessel, a 400m ULCC Tanker (Ultra Large Crude Carrier), Draft: 20m, is transiting northbound through the Suez Canal, bound for Rotterdam.

At 1000 LT, while transiting through the Great Bitter Lake section, the engine suddenly loses power due to a turbocharger failure.

• Steering remains operational, but the vessel is drifting.

• A 350m container ship is following 1.5 NM behind.

• Strong currents of 2 knots are pushing the vessel toward the canal’s eastern bank.

Your role as the Deck Cadet is to assist the Officer of the Watch (OOW) and Canal Pilot in managing the emergency while ensuring safe navigation and preventing a canal blockage.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assist in emergency maneuvering to prevent grounding.

2. Coordinate with Suez Canal Authority (SCA) and tugboat assistance.

3. Monitor vessel position and drift using ECDIS and visual bearings.

4. Ensure compliance with emergency anchoring procedures.

5. Assist in ship stability management during the power loss.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Emergency Maneuvering

🟢 Action 1: Monitor vessel drift direction using:

• Radar & AIS for situational awareness.

• Sextant bearings on canal markers.

🟢 Action 2: Assist in emergency maneuvering:

• Use bow thrusters to counteract drift.

• Steer toward the canal’s center to maintain control.

• Monitor ship’s speed and depth to avoid grounding.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully monitors drift and provides safe maneuvering solutions.

• Cadet ensures vessel remains within navigable depth limits.

Phase 2: Requesting Tug Assistance & VTS Communication

🟢 Action 3: Establish VHF contact with the Suez Canal Control Center.
🟢 Action 4: Request immediate tugboat assistance.
🟢 Action 5: Inform trailing traffic of the emergency via VHF Ch. 16.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly follows emergency communication protocols.

• Cadet coordinates effectively with canal authorities.

Phase 3: Anchoring as a Last Resort

🟢 Action 6: If vessel control is lost, assist in:

• Deploying anchor in a controlled manner.

• Ensuring adequate scope for stability.

• Monitoring anchor holding power in canal currents.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet properly executes emergency anchoring procedures.

• Cadet ensures vessel stability and structural safety.

This training scenario is designed to test a Deck Cadet’s ability to assist in emergency navigation during a critical Panama Canal transit and a high-risk piracy situation in the Gulf of Aden. Both scenarios require situational awareness, rapid response, and compliance with international maritime security regulations.

Scenario 1: Emergency in the Panama Canal – Engine Failure in the Locks

Situation:

Your vessel, a 366m Neo-Panamax Container Ship (Draft: 14m), is transiting northbound through the Panama Canal from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic.

At 0400 LT, while approaching the Agua Clara Locks, an engine failure occurs due to a sudden loss of fuel pressure. The vessel loses propulsion, and a strong crosswind (18 knots) pushes it towards the lock walls.

• Tugboats are on standby but not yet secured.

• The vessel is at risk of alliding (hitting the lock walls), causing structural damage.

• Another Neo-Panamax vessel is 1NM astern, preparing to enter the lock.

Your role as the Deck Cadet is to assist the Officer of the Watch (OOW) and the Panama Canal Pilot in emergency response actions to prevent collision or canal blockage.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assist in emergency maneuvering to prevent impact with the lock walls.

2. Coordinate with Panama Canal Pilots and Tugboats.

3. Monitor vessel position and drift using ECDIS, radar, and visual bearings.

4. Ensure proper communication with the Panama Canal Authority (ACP).

5. Assist in deploying emergency mooring lines if necessary.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Immediate Response to Engine Failure

🟢 Action 1: Monitor the vessel’s drift rate and identify any immediate collision risks.
🟢 Action 2: Assist the OOW in attempting an engine restart or fuel pressure recovery.
🟢 Action 3: Use bow thrusters and rudder adjustments to counteract wind push.
🟢 Action 4: Communicate the loss of propulsion to the Canal Pilot and the ACP control center.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully assesses vessel drift and movement.

• Cadet assists in maneuvering to avoid impact.

Phase 2: Coordinating with Tugboats and Lock Control

🟢 Action 5: Establish VHF contact with tugboats for immediate assistance.
🟢 Action 6: Confirm whether tugs should apply push or pull force to control drift.
🟢 Action 7: Prepare mooring teams on the forward deck for emergency tie-up.
🟢 Action 8: Inform the trailing vessel of the emergency to prevent secondary collision.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet effectively coordinates with tugboats and lock personnel.

• Cadet assists in safe vessel control using mooring operations.

Phase 3: Post-Incident Logging & Communication

🟢 Action 9: Ensure that the emergency event is logged in the Deck Logbook.
🟢 Action 10: Verify that all Panama Canal Authority (ACP) reports are submitted.
🟢 Action 11: Assist in reviewing the incident for safety improvements.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly documents the incident.

• Cadet ensures compliance with ACP emergency procedures.

Scenario 2: Piracy Response in the Gulf of Aden

Situation:

Your vessel, a 220m Crude Oil Tanker (Draft: 18m), is transiting eastbound through the Gulf of Aden, within the Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor (IRTC) en route to India.

At 0230 LT, the bridge team detects:

• A suspicious skiff approaching at 25 knots, 3 NM off the starboard quarter.

• Another small vessel idling ahead at 1.5 NM.

• No AIS transmission from either vessel.

Your role as the Deck Cadet is to assist the OOW and Ship Security Officer (SSO) in executing anti-piracy measures according to the Best Management Practices (BMP5) for High-Risk Areas.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assist in activating anti-piracy measures (BMP5 procedures).

2. Ensure vessel security posture and crew readiness.

3. Monitor suspicious vessel movement and report to UKMTO/MSCHOA.

4. Assist in evasive maneuvering to avoid boarding.

5. Ensure proper logging of the incident and vessel security status.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Immediate Anti-Piracy Response

🟢 Action 1: Sound the Security Alarm (SSAS) and activate Anti-Piracy Procedures.
🟢 Action 2: Alert all crew members and ensure:

• Doors to accommodation areas are secured.

• High-pressure water hoses are ready for use.

• Ship’s lighting is fully activated to deter night boarding.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully activates ship security measures.

• Cadet ensures crew preparedness in a piracy situation.

Phase 2: Evasive Maneuvering & Communication

🟢 Action 3: Assist in monitoring the skiff’s movements using:

• Radar tracking (CPA calculation).

• ECDIS overlays for nearby shipping traffic.
  🟢 Action 4: Initiate evasive maneuvers:

• Increase speed to maximum safe transit speed.

• Execute defensive zig-zagging maneuvers to disrupt approach.

• Alter course to maintain distance from the suspicious vessel.
  🟢 Action 5: Notify the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) and the Maritime Security Center – Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) via INMARSAT or VHF.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet monitors skiff movements and executes defensive maneuvers.

• Cadet successfully communicates with security authorities.

Phase 3: Final Security Actions & Incident Reporting

🟢 Action 6: If the skiff ceases approach, continue monitoring until it is safely distant.
🟢 Action 7: If the vessel is under direct threat:

• Activate Long-Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) if available.

• Deploy physical barriers (barbed wire, dummies).

• Prepare distress call if attackers board.
  🟢 Action 8: Log all security actions taken, including:

• Time and location of the encounter.

• Pirate vessel descriptions.

• Course and speed changes during the event.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet ensures vessel remains secure and reports all security measures taken.

• Cadet assists in compiling a detailed incident report.

Key Learning Content: Selecting the Appropriate Scale Chart from Paper Chart Portfolio, ECS, or ECDIS

Task: Assist the Deck Officer in selecting the correct scale chart from the paper chart portfolio, Electronic Chart System (ECS), or Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) to ensure safe and accurate navigation.

1. Introduction to Nautical Charts and Chart Scale Selection

Nautical charts are essential tools for safe navigation, providing information on water depths, hazards, aids to navigation, and routeing systems. Selecting the appropriate scale chart is crucial for ensuring situational awareness and accurate position fixing.

Why Chart Selection Matters?

✅ Ensures precise route planning and safe navigation.
✅ Provides detailed information based on the navigation phase (open sea, coastal, or port approach).
✅ Complies with SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 19 (Carriage of Charts and Publications).
✅ Enhances safety by minimizing navigational errors.

This scenario will test the Deck Cadet's ability to select the appropriate chart scale from the Paper Chart Portfolio, ECS, or ECDIS based on different navigation phases: Ocean Passage, Coastal Approach, Port Entry, and Berthing.

Scenario Overview

Situation:

Your vessel, a 200m Container Ship (Draft: 12m), is voyaging from Singapore to Sydney, Australia. You, as the Deck Cadet, are assisting the Officer of the Watch (OOW) in selecting the appropriate chart scale for different voyage phases, ensuring safe and accurate navigation.

During the voyage, you will:

• Plan the ocean passage across the Indian Ocean.

• Select the best scale charts for the coastal approach to Australia.

• Determine the right charts for entering Sydney Harbor.

• Ensure the highest detail for maneuvering and berthing at Port Botany.

Your task is to identify the correct paper and digital charts and apply them to each navigation phase.

This advanced scenario will test a Deck Cadet’s ability to:
✅ Select appropriate charts in ECDIS and Paper Portfolio
✅ Update ENC charts in real-time using Notices to Mariners (NTMs)
✅ Adjust passage plans for emergency rerouting due to navigational hazards or sudden changes
✅ Ensure compliance with routeing, safety depth settings, and navigational restrictions

Scenario Overview

Situation:

Your vessel, a 210m Bulk Carrier (Draft: 13m), is sailing from Singapore to Rotterdam via the Suez Canal. You, as the Deck Cadet, are assisting the Officer of the Watch (OOW) in:

• Selecting appropriate scale charts for different voyage phases.

• Updating ECDIS with latest corrections.

• Making emergency route adjustments due to unexpected navigational hazards.

At 0300 LT, while navigating the Red Sea (15°20.0'N, 041°30.0'E), a NAVTEX warning is received:

⚠️ URGENT NAVIGATION WARNING:

Dangerous uncharted shoal reported at 15°15.0'N, 041°35.0'E (Red Sea). Vessels advised to alter course for safety.

This shoal is 5 NM ahead of your vessel’s planned route, and your current draft (13m) makes it a serious grounding risk.

Your task is to update ECDIS, assess alternative routes, and recommend a safe deviation to the OOW while ensuring compliance with all navigation protocols.

Scenario Breakdown: Step-by-Step Execution

Phase 1: Verifying and Selecting the Correct Chart in ECDIS

🟢 Action 1: Open the ENC Chart Database and locate the Red Sea region.
🟢 Action 2: Select the correct scale chart for passage monitoring (1:300,000 – 1:50,000).
🟢 Action 3: Ensure Safety Contour is set at 15m to highlight depth hazards.
🟢 Action 4: Overlay Admiralty Information Overlay (AIO) to check for temporary corrections.
🟢 Action 5: Cross-check with Paper Charts (if available) for confirmation.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet selects the correct ENC scale chart for safe navigation.

• Cadet ensures Safety Contour & Depth Alarms are correctly set.

Phase 2: Updating ECDIS with Real-Time Notices to Mariners (NTMs)

🟢 Action 6: Retrieve the latest NTM update for the Red Sea region.
🟢 Action 7: Apply corrections to ENC database and verify the update.
🟢 Action 8: Ensure the new uncharted shoal warning is reflected in the passage plan.
🟢 Action 9: Verify that ECDIS route warnings are activated for the hazard.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly applies chart corrections and updates ENC database.

• Cadet confirms that the hazard is reflected in the navigation plan.

Phase 3: Emergency Route Adjustment – Selecting the Best Alternate Route

🟢 Action 10: Analyze alternative routes avoiding the uncharted shoal.

• Option A: Alter course 20° to starboard, adding 8NM to the voyage.

• Option B: Reduce speed and request latest depth survey from Red Sea VTS.

• Option C: Request VHF confirmation from nearby vessels for shoal location.
  🟢 Action 11: Use ECDIS route check to verify new route safety:

• Check CPA with traffic on the new route.

• Ensure under-keel clearance remains safe.

• Confirm no additional hazards.
  🟢 Action 12: Cross-check route deviation with Voyage Plan and inform the OOW.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet selects the safest alternate route considering depth and traffic.

• Cadet verifies route adjustments in ECDIS before recommending to OOW.

Phase 4: Communicating with Authorities and Crew

🟢 Action 13: Contact Red Sea VTS via VHF to confirm shoal position.
🟢 Action 14: Inform Bridge Team and Engine Room of course alteration.
🟢 Action 15: Update the Deck Logbook with the route change and hazard report.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet effectively communicates with VTS and crew.

• Cadet ensures accurate log entry for deviation and hazard report.

These advanced emergency scenarios test a Deck Cadet’s ability to:
✅ Navigate safely through a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) during an emergency.
✅ Respond to ECDIS failures and apply backup navigation methods.
✅ Maneuver effectively in congested waters while avoiding collisions.

Scenario 1: Emergency TSS Crossing – Loss of Steering in a High-Traffic Zone

Situation:

Your vessel, a 250m Container Ship (Draft: 14m), is transiting through the Dover Strait TSS (NAVAREA I) during the night shift.

At 0215 LT, while preparing for a lane crossing, the ship loses steering control due to a hydraulic failure. The vessel begins drifting at 12 knots in the heavily trafficked separation zone, and multiple ships are approaching from both lanes.

The Officer of the Watch (OOW) assigns you, the Deck Cadet, to assist in the emergency response, ensuring safe vessel maneuvering and compliance with COLREGs Rule 10 (TSS Conduct).

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assist in emergency navigation and steering control recovery.

2. Ensure compliance with TSS crossing rules and COLREGs.

3. Communicate with VTS and surrounding vessels to prevent collisions.

4. Monitor vessel drift and execute emergency maneuvers using thrusters.

5. Log all emergency actions and deviations in the Deck Logbook.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Immediate Response to Steering Failure in the TSS

🟢 Action 1: Activate the Steering Gear Emergency Override.
🟢 Action 2: Reduce speed to minimize drift and avoid crossing into traffic lanes.
🟢 Action 3: Monitor AIS and Radar CPA (Closest Point of Approach) of approaching ships.
🟢 Action 4: Alert Dover VTS and issue a SECURITÉ broadcast on VHF Channel 16.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly assesses vessel drift and takes immediate action.

• Cadet ensures TSS compliance and minimizes collision risks.

Phase 2: Emergency Maneuvering to Regain Control

🟢 Action 5: Use bow thrusters and rudder commands to stabilize the vessel.
🟢 Action 6: If rudder control is unresponsive, prepare to drop anchor as a last resort.
🟢 Action 7: Communicate with nearby ships, advising them of your steering failure.
🟢 Action 8: Request tugboat assistance if the vessel cannot maintain course.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet effectively assists in emergency maneuvering in the TSS.

• Cadet maintains VHF communication with surrounding traffic.

Phase 3: Post-Incident Logging & Review

🟢 Action 9: Record all emergency actions and communications in the Deck Logbook.
🟢 Action 10: Review the passage plan for necessary adjustments.
🟢 Action 11: Ensure corrective maintenance of the steering system before resuming passage.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet ensures all emergency actions are logged and reviewed.

• Cadet updates the passage plan and incident report for the Master.

Scenario 2: ECDIS Failure in Restricted Visibility – Navigating with Backup Systems

Situation:

Your vessel, a 320m LNG Carrier (Draft: 11m), is transiting the Strait of Gibraltar under heavy fog conditions (visibility <0.3 NM).

At 0430 LT, the ECDIS suddenly fails, and the primary GPS signal is lost. You are now navigating in a narrow shipping lane without electronic charts or position fixing.

The Officer of the Watch (OOW) assigns you, the Deck Cadet, to assist in navigating using backup systems while ensuring safe passage in restricted visibility.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Assist in navigating without ECDIS, using paper charts and traditional fixes.

2. Ensure COLREGs Rule 19 (Restricted Visibility) compliance.

3. Coordinate with the bridge team to monitor surrounding traffic.

4. Use Radar, AIS, and depth soundings for position fixing.

5. Report to Gibraltar VTS and log the ECDIS failure incident.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Switching to Backup Navigation Methods

🟢 Action 1: Immediately switch to paper charts covering the Strait of Gibraltar.
🟢 Action 2: Use Radar Range & Bearings, Depth Soundings, and Celestial Fixing if possible.
🟢 Action 3: Verify the ship’s track using manual DR (Dead Reckoning) plots.
🟢 Action 4: Cross-check vessel position with landmarks and buoys (if visible).

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet successfully switches to manual navigation methods.

• Cadet maintains accurate DR plots and position fixes.

Phase 2: Safe Navigation in Restricted Visibility

🟢 Action 5: Reduce speed and sound appropriate fog signals as per COLREGs Rule 19.
🟢 Action 6: Monitor Radar for CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA (Time to CPA).
🟢 Action 7: Use VHF to contact nearby vessels and Gibraltar VTS for traffic updates.
🟢 Action 8: Alert the engine room to be on standby for maneuvering orders.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet ensures safe speed and fog signal compliance.

• Cadet assists in Radar and AIS monitoring for traffic separation.

Scenario 3: Heavy Traffic Maneuvering – Collision Avoidance in the Singapore Strait

Situation:

Your vessel, a 150m Tanker (Draft: 10m), is transiting the Singapore Strait, one of the busiest maritime zones in the world.

At 1900 LT, in low visibility (haze and rain), multiple vessels appear on AIS and Radar:

• A 300m container ship is overtaking at 18 knots (CPA: 0.5 NM, TCPA: 5 min).

• A fishing fleet is detected 1 NM ahead, moving erratically.

• A tug towing a barge is crossing your planned track.

The Officer of the Watch (OOW) assigns you, the Deck Cadet, to assist in traffic assessment and collision avoidance.

Scenario Objectives for the Cadet

1. Analyze vessel movements using Radar, AIS, and CPA calculations.

2. Recommend safe maneuvering actions following COLREGs.

3. Communicate with surrounding traffic to prevent close-quarters situations.

4. Ensure compliance with the Singapore Strait VTS reporting requirements.

5. Log all maneuvering actions and traffic interactions.

Step-by-Step Execution of the Scenario

Phase 1: Traffic Assessment and Risk Analysis

🟢 Action 1: Analyze CPA/TCPA of nearby vessels and identify high-risk targets.
🟢 Action 2: Determine the best COLREGs action (give way, stand on, slow down, or alter course).
🟢 Action 3: Advise the OOW on a safe course and speed adjustment.
🟢 Action 4: Confirm maneuvering options with Singapore VTS.

✅ Assessment Criteria:

• Cadet correctly analyzes traffic risks using Radar and AIS.

• Cadet ensures safe maneuvering in compliance with COLREGs.

Scenario Outcome & Discussion

After completing the scenario, the OOW will discuss the Cadet’s performance in:
✅ TSS emergency navigation & communication
✅ ECDIS failure response & backup navigation skills
✅ Heavy traffic collision avoidance & compliance with COLREGs

Conclusion

These realistic emergency scenarios prepare Deck Cadets for:
✅ Real-time emergency decision-making
✅ Safe TSS crossings & maneuvering in congested waters
✅ Using paper charts & traditional navigation during ECDIS failures
✅ Professional VTS communication & proper log entries